Structural design optimization: The three basic principles of semiconductor lasers are: electrical injection and confinement, electrical-optical conversion, optical confinement and output, which correspond to electrical injection design, quantum well design, and optical field design of the waveguide structure, respectively. Optimizing the structure of quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots, and photonic crystals has promoted the continuous improvement of laser technology, making the output power and electro-optical conversion efficiency of lasers higher and higher, beam quality getting better and better, and higher reliability .
The principle of the photodetector is that the conductivity of the irradiated material changes due to radiation. Photodetectors are widely used in various fields of military and national economy. In the visible or near-infrared band, it is mainly used for ray measurement and detection, industrial automatic control, photometric measurement, etc.; in the infrared band, it is mainly used for missile guidance, infrared thermal imaging, and infrared remote sensing. Another application of the photoconductor is to use it as the target surface of the camera tube.
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA, that is, an optical signal amplifier with erbium ion Er3 + doped in the core of the signal passing through) is the first optical amplifier developed by the University of Southampton in the UK in 1985. It is the greatest optical amplifier in optical fiber communication. One of the inventions. Erbium-doped fiber is an optical fiber doped with a small amount of rare earth element erbium (Er) ions in a quartz fiber, and it is the core of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Since the late 1980s, the research work of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers has continuously made major breakthroughs. WDM technology has greatly increased the capacity of optical fiber communications. Become the most widely used optical amplifier device in current optical fiber communication.
Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) is an important part of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) communication system. In many nonlinear optical media, the scattering of pump light with a shorter wavelength causes a small part of the incident power to be transferred to another beam whose frequency is shifted down. The amount of frequency shift down is determined by the vibration mode of the medium. This process is called pulling Mann effect. If a weak signal and a strong pump light wave are simultaneously transmitted in the fiber, and the weak signal wavelength is placed within the Raman gain bandwidth of the pump light, the weak signal light can be amplified. This mechanism is based on stimulated Raman scattering The optical amplifier is called RFA.
In data centers, optical modules exist everywhere, but few people mention them. In fact, optical modules are already the most widely used products in data centers. Today's data centers are basically optical fiber interconnection, and the situation of cable interconnection has become less and less. Therefore, without optical modules, data centers cannot operate at all. The optical module converts electrical signals into optical signals at the sending end through photoelectric conversion, and then transmits through optical fibers, and then converts the optical signals into electrical signals at the receiving end. That is to say, any optical module has two parts: transmitting and receiving. The function is to do photoelectric conversion and electro-optical conversion, so that the optical modules are inseparable from the equipment at both ends of the network. There are thousands of devices in a medium-sized data center.
Laser line width, the full width at half maximum of the emission spectrum of the laser light source, that is, the half height of the peak (sometimes 1/e), which corresponds to the width between the two frequencies.
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