Lidar (Laser Radar) is a radar system that emits a laser beam to detect the position and speed of a target. Its working principle is to send a detection signal (laser beam) to the target, and then compare the received signal (target echo) reflected from the target with the transmitted signal, and after proper processing, you can obtain relevant information about the target, such as Target distance, azimuth, altitude, speed, attitude, even shape and other parameters, so as to detect, track and identify aircraft, missiles and other targets. It consists of a laser transmitter, an optical receiver, a turntable, and an information processing system. The laser converts electrical pulses into light pulses and emits them. The optical receiver then restores the light pulses reflected from the target to electrical pulses and sends them to the display.
This is a packaged chip with integrated circuits composed of tens or tens of billions of transistors inside. When we zoom in under a microscope, we can see that the interior is as complex as a city. The integrated circuit is a kind of miniature electronic device or component. Together with wiring and interconnection, fabricated on a small or several small semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates to form structurally closely connected and internally related electronic circuits. Let’s take the most basic voltage divider circuit as an example to illustrate that it is How to realize and produce effect inside the chip.
In various optical fiber interference instruments, in order to obtain the maximum coherence efficiency, the polarization state of the optical fiber propagating light is required to be very stable. The transmission of light in a single-mode fiber is actually two orthogonal polarization fundamental modes. When the optical fiber is an ideal optical fiber, the transmitted fundamental mode is two orthogonal double degenerate states, and the actual optical fiber is drawn due to There will be unavoidable defects, which will destroy the double degenerate state and cause the polarization state of the transmitted light to change, and this effect will become more and more obvious as the length of the fiber grows. At this time, the best way is to use Polarization maintaining fiber.
DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing is the ability to combine a group of optical wavelengths and use a single optical fiber for transmission. This is a laser technology used to increase bandwidth on existing fiber optic backbone networks. More precisely, the technology is to multiplex the tight spectral spacing of a single fiber carrier in a specified fiber in order to utilize the achievable transmission performance (for example, to achieve the minimum degree of dispersion or attenuation). In this way, under a given information transmission capacity, the total number of optical fibers required can be reduced.
In communications, Four Wave Mixing (FWM) is a coupling effect between light waves caused by the third-order polarization real part of the fiber medium. It is caused by the interaction of two or three light waves of different wavelengths at other wavelengths. The production of so-called mixing products, or new light waves in the sidebands, is a parametric nonlinear process. The reason for the four-wave mixing is that the light at a certain wavelength of the incident light will change the refractive index of the optical fiber, and the phase of the light wave will be changed at different frequencies, resulting in a new wavelength.
Optical fiber splice, which connects two optical fibers permanently or detachably, and has a splice part for protecting the components. The optical fiber splice is the end device of the optical fiber. The optical fiber connector is a physical interface used to connect an optical fiber cable. FC is the abbreviation of Ferrule Connector. The external reinforcement method is a metal sleeve and the fastening method is a turnbuckle. The ST connector is usually used for 10Base-F, and the SC connector is usually used for 100Base-FX.
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