The transmission distance of the optical module refers to the distance over which the optical signal can be directly transmitted without relay amplification. It is divided into three types: short-distance, medium-distance, and long-distance. Generally speaking, 2km and below are short distances, 10-20km are medium distances, and 30km, 40km and above are long distances. Optical modules of different wavelengths with different optical fibers correspond to different transmission distances.
The fiber cut-off wavelength is to ensure that only one mode exists in the fiber. One of the main transmission characteristics of single-mode fiber is the cut-off wavelength, which is of great significance for fiber optic cable manufacturers and users of fiber optic cables to design and use fiber optic transmission systems.
Fiber optic gyroscope is the fiber angular velocity sensor, which is the most promising one among various fiber optic sensors. The fiber optic gyroscope, like the ring laser gyroscope, has the advantages of no mechanical moving parts, no warm-up time, insensitive acceleration, wide dynamic range, digital output, and small size. In addition, the fiber optic gyroscope also overcomes the fatal shortcomings of ring laser gyroscopes such as high cost and blocking phenomenon. Therefore, fiber optic gyroscopes are valued by many countries. Low-precision civilian fiber optic gyroscopes have been produced in small batches in Western Europe. It is estimated that in 1994, the sales of fiber optic gyroscopes in the American gyroscope market will reach 49%, and the cable gyroscope will take the second place (accounting for 35% of sales).
Main application: unidirectional transmission, blocking back light, protecting lasers and fiber amplifiers
Fluorescence imaging has been widely used in biomedical imaging and clinical intraoperative navigation. When fluorescence propagates in biological media, absorption attenuation and scattering disturbance will cause fluorescence energy loss and signal-to-noise ratio decrease, respectively. Generally speaking, the degree of absorption loss determines whether we can "see", and the number of scattered photons determines whether we can "see clearly". In addition, the autofluorescence of some biomolecules and signal light are collected by the imaging system and eventually become the background of the image. Therefore, for biofluorescence imaging, scientists are trying to find a perfect imaging window with low photon absorption and sufficient light scattering.
In recent years, with the continuous expansion of pulsed laser applications, the high output power and high single pulse energy of pulsed lasers is no longer a purely pursued goal. In contrast, the more important parameters are: pulse width, pulse shape and repetition frequency. Among them, the pulse width is particularly important. Almost just by looking at this parameter, you can judge how powerful the laser is. The pulse shape (especially the rise time) directly affects whether the specific application can achieve the desired effect. The repetition frequency of the pulse usually determines the operating rate and efficiency of the system.
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