The fiber optic current sensor is a smart grid device whose principle uses the Faraday effect of magneto-optical crystals. The rapid development of modern industry has put forward higher requirements for the transmission and detection of power grids, and traditional high-voltage and high-current measurement methods will face severe tests. The optical fiber current sensing system developed with the development of optical fiber technology and material science has a series of advantages such as good insulation and anti-interference ability, high measurement accuracy, easy miniaturization, and no potential explosion hazard. Sex, and is widely valued by people. The main principle of the optical fiber current sensor is to use the Faraday effect of the magneto-optical crystal. According to of=VBl, through the measurement of Faraday's rotation angle 0F, the intensity of the magnetic field produced by the current can be obtained, and the current can be calculated. Because optical fiber has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, good insulation performance, and low signal attenuation, in the research of Faraday current sensor, optical fiber is generally used as the transmission medium. Its working principle is shown in "Schematic Diagram of Optical Fiber Current Sensor". : The laser beam passes through the optical fiber and generates polarized light through the polarizer, and then shoots to the magneto-optical crystal through the self-focusing lens: under the action of the external magnetic field generated by the current, the polarization plane rotates by the angle θF; through the analyzer and the optical fiber, the signal enters The detection system obtains the current value through the measurement of θF. When the angle between the main shafts of the two polarizers in the system is set to 45°, the emitted light intensity after passing through the sensing system is: l=(Io/2)(1+sin2θF) In the formula, Io is the incident light intensity. By measuring the intensity of the emitted light, θF can be obtained, and thus the magnitude of the current can be measured. Application: Applied to smart grid The increase in electricity consumption in cities makes the power supply equipment often overloaded and pre-installed, and the test of the power supply equipment is also increasing. 60% of the failures of the electronic equipment come from the power supply. With the increasing severity of power supply problems, power supply technology is gradually being valued by the majority of manufacturers. Power supply technology with sensing detection, sensing sampling, and sensing protection has gradually become a trend, and power supply protection equipment has also been born, detecting current or voltage The sensor came into being. Current sensor refers to a sensor that can sense the measured current and convert it into a usable output signal. It has a wide range of uses at home and abroad. Closed-loop current sensor continuously monitors power With the development and development of new energy technologies, the application of current sensors in the wind power industry [1] is particularly important. It is an indispensable component of converters in wind turbines. In the converter, it is necessary to install a lot of small or PCB current sensors, which belong to a closed-loop control system to ensure that the inverter can respond quickly. The simultaneous action of the inverter and the generator can ensure that the wind energy turbine is started to provide continuous power to the grid within a wide range of wind speeds until the turbine stops at the upper wind speed. In order for the driver to achieve the best working state, it is necessary to continuously measure the current during work. The performance of the current sensor directly affects the quality and response time of circuit control, which is why it can be widely used in the wind power industry. . At the same time, the closed-loop current sensor not only has high bandwidth and fast response time, it also has the advantages of good linearity and high accuracy. Current sensor reduces cable load In the UK, a current sensor suitable for installation on the main line of a 240V-600A substation was born. This sensor monitors the power output of the substation and can reduce the outage time caused by local grid failures. Current sensors can monitor the current of the power supply cable. If the cable outlet is overloaded, these current sensors can transfer part of the load to other phases or newly laid cables to protect the safe use and operation of the cable. With the continuous development and upgrade of smart grids, current sensors are also constantly being improved and perfected in terms of technology, design and utility, which play a major role in current measurement in metallurgy, chemical and other industries. Optical fiber current sensor based on smart grid The new type of optical fiber current sensor is a scientific and technological product of the rapid development of smart grid. my country has introduced the XDGDL-1 optical fiber current sensing system, which realizes the fully digital closed-loop control of the pipeline current sensing system. It has the characteristics of good stability, linearity, and high sensitivity, and meets the high-precision measurement requirements of a large range. At the same time, the system has developed a telescopic structure that can be wound on site, which is easy to install and can avoid the interference of stray magnetic fields. The measurement error of bus eccentricity is less than plus or minus 0.1%, and a high-precision signal conversion scheme is realized, which is a rectifier. The control equipment provides high-precision analog signals and standard digital communication interfaces. Industrial upgrading and development promote the improvement of current sensors Driven by the development and upgrading of my country's industry, the safe use of power equipment has attracted more and more attention. As a tool with both protective and monitoring functions, the current sensor will play a more important role in the future power grid. Compared with similar foreign products, there is still a big gap in domestic current sensor technology that needs to be filled and improved. Many new industries have gradually emerged in China, all of which need the support of sensors. Whether for safety considerations or market benefits, current sensors will tend to be more efficient and reliable. Under the requirements of low carbon and environmental protection, miniaturization is also the future. This is a major trend that will also promote domestic sensor manufacturers to invest more experience in developing new technologies and products. In the near future, current sensors will be widely used in more industries and will lay a solid foundation for the emerging Internet of Things.
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